substitution 音标拼音: [s
, ʌbstɪt'uʃən]
n . 代理,替换,交换
代理,替换,交换
substitution 代替
substitution 替代
substitution n 1 :
an event in which one thing is substituted for another ;
"
the replacement of lost blood by a transfusion of donor blood " [
synonym : {
substitution }, {
permutation },
{
transposition }, {
replacement }, {
switch }]
2 :
the act of putting one thing or person in the place of another : "
he sent Smith in for Jones but the substitution came too late to help " [
synonym : {
substitution }, {
exchange },
{
commutation }]
Substitution \
Sub `
sti *
tu "
tion \,
n . [
L .
substitutio :
cf .
F .
substitution .]
1 .
The act of substituting or putting one person or thing in the place of another ;
as ,
the substitution of an agent ,
attorney ,
or representative to act for one in his absense ;
the substitution of bank notes for gold and silver as a circulating medium .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
The state of being substituted for another .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
The office or authority of one acting for another ;
delegated authority . [
R .] --
Shak .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 . (
Civil Law )
The designation of a person in a will to take a devise or legacy ,
either on failure of a former devisee or legatee by incapacity or unwillingness to accept ,
or after him . --
Burrill .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 . (
Theol .)
The doctrine that Christ suffered vicariously ,
being substituted for the sinner ,
and that his sufferings were expiatory .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 . (
Chem .)
The act or process of substituting an atom or radical for another atom or radical ;
metathesis ;
also ,
the state of being so substituted .
See {
Metathesis }.
[
1913 Webster ]
118 Moby Thesaurus words for "
substitution ":
agent ,
alienation ,
alternate ,
alternative ,
amends ,
analogy ,
atonement ,
autism ,
autistic thinking ,
avoidance mechanism ,
backup ,
balancing ,
blame -
shifting ,
change ,
changeling ,
changing ,
commutation ,
comparison ,
compensation ,
copy ,
counteraction ,
counterbalancing ,
counterfeit ,
decompensation ,
defense mechanism ,
deputy ,
dereism ,
dereistic thinking ,
displacement ,
dissociation ,
double ,
dummy ,
emotional insulation ,
equal ,
equivalent ,
ersatz ,
escape ,
escape into fantasy ,
escape mechanism ,
escapism ,
exchange ,
expiation ,
fake ,
fantasizing ,
fantasy ,
fill -
in ,
flight ,
ghost ,
ghostwriter ,
imitation ,
indemnification ,
indemnity ,
interchange ,
interchanging ,
isolation ,
lex talionis ,
locum tenens ,
makeshift ,
metaphor ,
metonymy ,
negativism ,
next best thing ,
offsetting ,
overcompensation ,
personnel ,
phony ,
pinch hitter ,
projection ,
proxy ,
psychotaxis ,
rationalization ,
recompense ,
rectification ,
redress ,
relief ,
reparation ,
repayment ,
replacement ,
replacing ,
representative ,
reserves ,
resistance ,
restitution ,
retaliation ,
revenge ,
ringer ,
satisfaction ,
second string ,
secondary ,
sign ,
sociological adjustive reactions ,
spares ,
stand -
in ,
sub ,
sublimation ,
substituent ,
substitute ,
succedaneum ,
superseder ,
supplanter ,
supplanting ,
surrogate ,
swap ,
swapping ,
switch ,
switching ,
symbol ,
synecdoche ,
third string ,
token ,
understudy ,
utility player ,
vicar ,
vice -
president ,
vice -
regent ,
wish -
fulfillment fantasy ,
wishful thinking ,
withdrawal SUBSTITUTION ,
civil law .
In the law of devises ,
it is the putting of one person in the place of another ,
so that he may ,
in default of ability in the former ,
or after him ,
have the benefit of a devise or legacy .
2 .
It is a species of subrogation made in two different ways ;
the first is direct substitution ,
and the latter a trust or fidei commissary substitution .
The first or direct substitution ,
is merely the institution of a second legatee ,
in case the first should be either incapable or unwilling to accept the legacy ;
for example ,
if a testator should give to Peter his estate ,
but in case he cannot legally receive it ,
or he willfully refuses it ,
then I give it to Paul ;
this is a direct substitution .
Fidei commissary substitution is that which takes place when the person substituted is not to receive the legacy until after the first legatee ,
and consequently must receive the thing bequeathed from the hands of the latter for example ,
I institute Peter my heir ,
and I request that at his death he shall deliver my succession to Paul .
Merl .
Repert .
h .
t .;
5 Toull .
14 .
SUBSTITUTION ,
chancery practice .
This takes place in a case where a creditor has a lien on two different parcels of land ,
and another creditor has a subsequent lien on one only of the parcels ,
and the prior creditor elects to have his whole demand out of the parcel of land on which the subsequent creditor takes his lien ;
the latter is entitled ,
by way of substitution ,
to have the prior lien assigned to him for his benefit .
1 Johns .
Ch .
R .
409 ;
2 Hawk '
s Rep .
623 ;
2 Mason ,
R .
342 .
And in a case where a bond creditor exacts the whole of the debt from one of the sureties ,
that surety is entitled to be substituted in his place ,
and to a cession of his rights and securities ,
as if be were a purchaser ,
either against the principal or his co -
sureties .
Id .
413 ;
1 Paige '
s R .
185 ;
7 John .
Ch .
Rep .
211 ;
10 Watts ,
R .
148 .
2 .
A surety on paying the debt is entitled to stand in the place of the creditor and to be subrogated to all his rights against the principal .
2 Johns .
Ch .
R .
454 .
4 Johns .
Ch .
R .
123 ;
1 Edw .
R .
164 ;
7 John .
R .
584 ;
3 Paige '
s R .
117 ;
2 Call ,
R .
125 ;
2 Yerg .
R .
346 ;
1 Gill &
John .
346 ;
6 Rand .
R .
98 ,;
8 Watts ,
R .
384 .
In Pennsylvania it is provided by act of assembly ,
that in all cases where a constable shall be entrusted with the execution of any process for the collection of money ,
and by neglect of duty shall fail to collect the same ,
by means whereof the bail or security of such constable shall be compelled to pay the amount of any judgment shall vest in the person paying ,
as aforesaid ,
the equitable interest in such judgment ,
and the amount due upon any such judgment may be collected in the name of the plaintiff for the use of such person .
Pamphlet Laws ,
1828 -
29 ,
p .
370 .
Vide 2 Binn .
R .
382 ,
and Subrogation .
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