saul 音标拼音: [s'ɔl]
n . 撒罗[旧约撒母耳记上篇]
撒罗[旧约撒母耳记上篇]
Saul n 1 : (
Old Testament )
the first king of the Israelites who defended Israel against many enemies (
especially the Philistines )
2 : (
New Testament )
a Christian missionary to the Gentiles ;
author of several Epistles in the New Testament ;
even though Paul was not present at the Last Supper he is considered an Apostle ; "
Paul '
s name was Saul prior to his conversion to Christianity " [
synonym : {
Paul }, {
Saint Paul }, {
St .
Paul },
{
Apostle Paul }, {
Paul the Apostle }, {
Apostle of the Gentiles }, {
Saul }, {
Saul of Tarsus }]
Sal \
Sal \ (
s [
add ]
l ),
n . [
Hind .
s [=
a ]
l ,
Skr . [,
c ][=
a ]
la .] (
Bot .)
An East Indian timber tree ({
Shorea robusta }),
much used for building purposes .
It is of a light brown color ,
close -
grained ,
heavy ,
and durable . [
Written also {
saul }.]
[
1913 Webster ]
Saul \
Saul \,
n .
Soul . [
Obs .]
[
1913 Webster ]
Saul \
Saul \,
n .
Same as {
Sal },
the tree .
[
1913 Webster ]
Saul asked for . (
1 .)
A king of Edom (
Gen .
36 :
37 ,
38 );
called Shaul in 1 Chr .
1 :
48 .
(
2 .)
The son of Kish (
probably his only son ,
and a child of prayer , "
asked for "),
of the tribe of Benjamin ,
the first king of the Jewish nation .
The singular providential circumstances connected with his election as king are recorded in 1 Sam .
8 -
10 .
His father '
s she -
asses had strayed ,
and Saul was sent with a servant to seek for them .
Leaving his home at Gibeah (
10 :
5 , "
the hill of God ,"
A .
V .;
lit .,
as in R .
V .
marg ., "
Gibeah of God "),
Saul and his servant went toward the north -
west over Mount Ephraim ,
and then turning north -
east they came to "
the land of Shalisha ,"
and thence eastward to the land of Shalim ,
and at length came to the district of Zuph ,
near Samuel '
s home at Ramah (
9 :
5 -
10 ).
At this point Saul proposed to return from the three days '
fruitless search ,
but his servant suggested that they should first consult the "
seer ."
Hearing that he was about to offer sacrifice ,
the two hastened into Ramah ,
and "
behold ,
Samuel came out against them ,"
on his way to the "
bamah ",
i .
e .,
the "
height ",
where sacrifice was to be offered ;
and in answer to Saul '
s question , "
Tell me ,
I pray thee ,
where the seer '
s house is ,"
Samuel made himself known to him .
Samuel had been divinely prepared for his coming (
9 :
15 -
17 ),
and received Saul as his guest .
He took him with him to the sacrifice ,
and then after the feast "
communed with Saul upon the top of the house "
of all that was in his heart .
On the morrow Samuel "
took a vial of oil and poured it on his head ,"
and anointed Saul as king over Israel (
9 :
25 -
10 :
8 ),
giving him three signs in confirmation of his call to be king .
When Saul reached his home in Gibeah the last of these signs was fulfilled ,
and the Sprit of God came upon him ,
and "
he was turned into another man ."
The simple countryman was transformed into the king of Israel ,
a remarkable change suddenly took place in his whole demeanour ,
and the people said in their astonishment ,
as they looked on the stalwart son of Kish , "
Is Saul also among the prophets ?",
a saying which passed into a "
proverb ." (
Comp .
19 :
24 .)
The intercourse between Saul and Samuel was as yet unknown to the people .
The "
anointing "
had been in secret .
But now the time had come when the transaction must be confirmed by the nation .
Samuel accordingly summoned the people to a solemn assembly "
before the Lord "
at Mizpeh .
Here the lot was drawn (
10 :
17 -
27 ),
and it fell upon Saul ,
and when he was presented before them ,
the stateliest man in all Israel ,
the air was rent for the first time in Israel by the loud cry , "
God save the king !"
He now returned to his home in Gibeah ,
attended by a kind of bodyguard ,
"
a band of men whose hearts God had touched ."
On reaching his home he dismissed them ,
and resumed the quiet toils of his former life .
Soon after this ,
on hearing of the conduct of Nahash the Ammonite at Jabeshgilead (
q .
v .),
an army out of all the tribes of Israel rallied at his summons to the trysting -
place at Bezek ,
and he led them forth a great army to battle ,
gaining a complete victory over the Ammonite invaders at Jabesh (
11 :
1 -
11 ).
Amid the universal joy occasioned by this victory he was now fully recognized as the king of Israel .
At the invitation of Samuel "
all the people went to Gilgal ,
and there they made Saul king before the Lord in Gilgal ."
Samuel now officially anointed him as king (
11 :
15 ).
Although Samuel never ceased to be a judge in Israel ,
yet now his work in that capacity practically came to an end .
Saul now undertook the great and difficult enterprise of freeing the land from its hereditary enemies the Philistines ,
and for this end he gathered together an army of 3 ,
000 men (
1 Sam .
13 :
1 ,
2 ).
The Philistines were encamped at Geba .
Saul ,
with 2 ,
000 men ,
occupied Michmash and Mount Bethel ;
while his son Jonathan ,
with 1 ,
000 men ,
occupied Gibeah ,
to the south of Geba ,
and seemingly without any direction from his father "
smote "
the Philistines in Geba .
Thus roused ,
the Philistines ,
who gathered an army of 30 ,
000 chariots and 6 ,
000 horsemen ,
and "
people as the sand which is on the sea -
shore in multitude ,"
encamped in Michmash ,
which Saul had evacuated for Gilgal .
Saul now tarried for seven days in Gilgal before making any movement ,
as Samuel had appointed (
10 :
8 );
but becoming impatient on the seventh day ,
as it was drawing to a close ,
when he had made an end of offering the burnt offering ,
Samuel appeared and warned him of the fatal consequences of his act of disobedience ,
for he had not waited long enough (
13 :
13 ,
14 ).
When Saul ,
after Samuel '
s departure ,
went out from Gilgal with his 600 men ,
his followers having decreased to that number (
13 :
15 ),
against the Philistines at Michmash (
q .
v .),
he had his head -
quarters under a pomegrante tree at Migron ,
over against Michmash ,
the Wady esSuweinit alone intervening .
Here at Gibeah -
Geba Saul and his army rested ,
uncertain what to do .
Jonathan became impatient ,
and with his armour -
bearer planned an assault against the Philistines ,
unknown to Saul and the army (
14 :
1 -
15 ).
Jonathan and his armour -
bearer went down into the wady ,
and on their hands and knees climbed to the top of the narrow rocky ridge called Bozez ,
where was the outpost of the Philistine army .
They surprised and then slew twenty of the Philistines ,
and immediately the whole host of the Philistines was thrown into disorder and fled in great terror . "
It was a very great trembling ;"
a supernatural panic seized the host .
Saul and his 600 men ,
a band which speedily increased to 10 ,
000 ,
perceiving the confusion ,
pursued the army of the Philistines ,
and the tide of battle rolled on as far as to Bethaven ,
halfway between Michmash and Bethel .
The Philistines were totally routed . "
So the Lord saved Israel that day ."
While pursuing the Philistines ,
Saul rashly adjured the people ,
saying , "
Cursed be the man that eateth any food until evening ."
But though faint and weary ,
the Israelites "
smote the Philistines that day from Michmash to Aijalon " (
a distance of from 15 to 20 miles ).
Jonathan had ,
while passing through the wood in pursuit of the Philistines ,
tasted a little of the honeycomb which was abundant there (
14 :
27 ).
This was afterwards discovered by Saul (
ver .
42 ),
and he threatened to put his son to death .
The people ,
however ,
interposed ,
saying , "
There shall not one hair of his head fall to the ground ."
He whom God had so signally owned ,
who had "
wrought this great salvation in Israel ,"
must not die . "
Then Saul went up from following the Philistines :
and the Philistines went to their own place " (
1 Sam .
14 :
24 -
46 );
and thus the campaign against the Philistines came to an end .
This was Saul '
s second great military success .
Saul '
s reign ,
however ,
continued to be one of almost constant war against his enemies round about (
14 :
47 ,
48 ),
in all of which he proved victorious .
The war against the Amalekites is the only one which is recorded at length (
1 Sam .
15 ).
These oldest and hereditary (
Ex .
17 :
8 ;
Num .
14 :
43 -
45 )
enemies of Israel occupied the territory to the south and south -
west of Palestine .
Samuel summoned Saul to execute the "
ban "
which God had pronounced (
Deut .
25 :
17 -
19 )
on this cruel and relentless foe of Israel .
The cup of their iniquity was now full .
This command was "
the test of his moral qualification for being king ."
Saul proceeded to execute the divine command ;
and gathering the people together ,
marched from Telaim (
1 Sam .
15 :
4 )
against the Amalekites ,
whom he smote "
from Havilah until thou comest to Shur ,"
utterly destroying "
all the people with the edge of the sword ",
i .
e .,
all that fell into his hands .
He was ,
however ,
guilty of rebellion and disobedience in sparing Agag their king ,
and in conniving at his soldiers '
sparing the best of the sheep and cattle ;
and Samuel ,
following Saul to Gilgal ,
in the Jordan valley ,
said unto him , "
Because thou hast rejected the word of the Lord ,
he also hath rejected thee from being king " (
15 :
23 ).
The kingdom was rent from Saul and was given to another ,
even to David ,
whom the Lord chose to be Saul '
s successor ,
and whom Samuel anointed (
16 :
1 -
13 ).
From that day "
the spirit of the Lord departed from Saul ,
and an evil spirit from the Lord troubled him ."
He and Samuel parted only to meet once again at one of the schools of the prophets .
David was now sent for as a "
cunning player on an harp " (
1 Sam .
16 :
16 ,
18 ),
to play before Saul when the evil spirit troubled him ,
and thus was introduced to the court of Saul .
He became a great favourite with the king .
At length David returned to his father '
s house and to his wonted avocation as a shepherd for perhaps some three years .
The Philistines once more invaded the land ,
and gathered their army between Shochoh and Azekah ,
in Ephes -
dammim ,
on the southern slope of the valley of Elah .
Saul and the men of Israel went forth to meet them ,
and encamped on the northern slope of the same valley which lay between the two armies .
It was here that David slew Goliath of Gath ,
the champion of the Philistines (
17 :
4 -
54 ),
an exploit which led to the flight and utter defeat of the Philistine army .
Saul now took David permanently into his service (
18 :
2 );
but he became jealous of him (
ver .
9 ),
and on many occasions showed his enmity toward him (
ver .
10 ,
11 ),
his enmity ripening into a purpose of murder which at different times he tried in vain to carry out .
After some time the Philistines "
gathered themselves together "
in the plain of Esdraelon ,
and pitched their camp at Shunem ,
on the slope of Little Hermon ;
and Saul "
gathered all Israel together ,"
and "
pitched in Gilboa " (
1 Sam .
28 :
3 -
14 ).
Being unable to discover the mind of the Lord ,
Saul ,
accompanied by two of his retinue ,
betook himself to the "
witch of Endor ,"
some 7 or 8 miles distant .
Here he was overwhelmed by the startling communication that was mysteriously made to him by Samuel (
ver .
16 -
19 ),
who appeared to him . "
He fell straightway all along on the earth ,
and was sore afraid ,
because of the words of Samuel "
(
ver .
20 ).
The Philistine host "
fought against Israel :
and the men of Israel fled before the Philistines ,
and fell down slain in Mount Gilboa " (
31 :
1 ).
In his despair at the disaster that had befallen his army ,
Saul "
took a sword and fell upon it ."
And the Philistines on the morrow "
found Saul and his three sons fallen in Mount Gilboa ."
Having cut off his head ,
they sent it with his weapons to Philistia ,
and hung up the skull in the temple of Dagon at Ashdod .
They suspended his headless body ,
with that of Jonathan ,
from the walls of Bethshan .
The men of Jabesh -
gilead afterwards removed the bodies from this position ;
and having burnt the flesh ,
they buried the bodies under a tree at Jabesh .
The remains were ,
however ,
afterwards removed to the family sepulchre at Zelah (
2 Sam .
21 :
13 ,
14 ). (
See {
DAVID }.)
(
3 .) "
Who is also called Paul " (
q .
v .),
the circumcision name of the apostle ,
given to him ,
perhaps ,
in memory of King Saul (
Acts 7 :
58 ;
8 :
1 ;
9 :
1 ).
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