philosophy 音标拼音: [fəl'ɑsəfi]
n . 哲学,人生观,原理
哲学,人生观,原理
philosophy 哲理
philosophy n 1 :
a belief (
or system of beliefs )
accepted as authoritative by some group or school [
synonym : {
doctrine }, {
philosophy },
{
philosophical system }, {
school of thought }, {
ism }]
2 :
the rational investigation of questions about existence and knowledge and ethics 3 :
any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation ; "
self -
indulgence was his only philosophy "; "
my father '
s philosophy of child -
rearing was to let mother do it "
Philosophy \
Phi *
los "
o *
phy \ (
f [
i ^]*
l [
o ^]
s "[-
o ]*
f [
y ^]),
n .;
pl .
{
Philosophies } (
f [
i ^]*
l [
o ^]
s "[-
o ]*
f [
i ^]
z ). [
OE .
philosophie ,
F .
philosophie ,
L .
philosophia ,
from Gr .
filosofi `
a .
See {
Philosopher }.]
1 .
Literally ,
the love of ,
inducing the search after ,
wisdom ;
in actual usage ,
the knowledge of phenomena as explained by ,
and resolved into ,
causes and reasons ,
powers and laws .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
When applied to any particular department of knowledge ,
philosophy denotes the general laws or principles under which all the subordinate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are comprehended .
Thus philosophy ,
when applied to God and the divine government ,
is called theology ;
when applied to material objects ,
it is called physics ;
when it treats of man ,
it is called anthropology and psychology ,
with which are connected logic and ethics ;
when it treats of the necessary conceptions and relations by which philosophy is possible ,
it is called metaphysics .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note : "
Philosophy has been defined : --
the science of things divine and human ,
and the causes in which they are contained ; --
the science of effects by their causes ;
--
the science of sufficient reasons ; --
the science of things possible ,
inasmuch as they are possible ; --
the science of things evidently deduced from first principles ; --
the science of truths sensible and abstract ; --
the application of reason to its legitimate objects ; --
the science of the relations of all knowledge to the necessary ends of human reason ; --
the science of the original form of the ego ,
or mental self ; --
the science of science ; --
the science of the absolute ; --
the science of the absolute indifference of the ideal and real ." --
Sir W .
Hamilton .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
A particular philosophical system or theory ;
the hypothesis by which particular phenomena are explained .
[
1913 Webster ]
[
Books ]
of Aristotle and his philosophie . --
Chaucer .
[
1913 Webster ]
We shall in vain interpret their words by the notions of our philosophy and the doctrines in our school . --
Locke .
[
1913 Webster ]
3 .
Practical wisdom ;
calmness of temper and judgment ;
equanimity ;
fortitude ;
stoicism ;
as ,
to meet misfortune with philosophy .
[
1913 Webster ]
Then had he spent all his philosophy . --
Chaucer .
[
1913 Webster ]
4 .
Reasoning ;
argumentation .
[
1913 Webster ]
Of good and evil much they argued then , . . .
Vain wisdom all ,
and false philosophy . --
Milton .
[
1913 Webster ]
5 .
The course of sciences read in the schools . --
Johnson .
[
1913 Webster ]
6 .
A treatise on philosophy .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Philosophy of the Academy },
that of Plato ,
who taught his disciples in a grove in Athens called the Academy .
{
Philosophy of the Garden },
that of Epicurus ,
who taught in a garden in Athens .
{
Philosophy of the Lyceum },
that of Aristotle ,
the founder of the Peripatetic school ,
who delivered his lectures in the Lyceum at Athens .
{
Philosophy of the Porch },
that of Zeno and the Stoics ; --
so called because Zeno of Citium and his successors taught in the porch of the Poicile ,
a great hall in Athens .
[
1913 Webster ]
220 Moby Thesaurus words for "
philosophy ":
Aristotelianism ,
Berkeleianism ,
Bradleianism ,
Buddha -
like composure ,
Cynicism ,
Cyrenaic hedonism ,
Cyrenaicism ,
Epicureanism ,
Fichteanism ,
Hegelianism ,
Heideggerianism ,
Heracliteanism ,
Herbartianism ,
Humism ,
Kantianism ,
Leibnizianism ,
Marxism ,
Mimamsa ,
Neo -
Hegelianism ,
Neo -
Pythagoreanism ,
Neoplatonism ,
Newtonian physics ,
Oriental calm ,
Peripateticism ,
Platonism ,
Purva Mimamsa ,
Pyrrhonism ,
Pythagoreanism ,
Sankhya ,
Schellingism ,
Scotism ,
Socratism ,
Sophism ,
Sophistry ,
Spencerianism ,
Stoicism ,
Thomism ,
Weltanschauung ,
acosmism ,
acoustics ,
aerophysics ,
aesthetics ,
agnosticism ,
animalism ,
animatism ,
animism ,
aplomb ,
applied physics ,
astrophysics ,
atomism ,
attitude ,
basic conductor physics ,
biophysics ,
body of ideas ,
calm disposition ,
calm of mind ,
calmness ,
chemical physics ,
composure ,
control ,
cool ,
coolheadedness ,
coolness ,
cosmotheism ,
countenance ,
criticism ,
cryogenics ,
crystallography ,
cytophysics ,
deduction ,
deductive reasoning ,
deism ,
demonstration ,
dialectical materialism ,
discourse ,
discourse of reason ,
discursive reason ,
dispassion ,
dualism ,
easy mind ,
eclecticism ,
egoism ,
electron physics ,
electronics ,
electrophysics ,
empiricism ,
epistemology ,
equanimity ,
ethics ,
ethos ,
eudaemonism ,
existentialism ,
feeling ,
geophysics ,
hedonism ,
humanism ,
hylomorphism ,
hylotheism ,
hylozoism ,
icy calm ,
idea ,
idealism ,
ideology ,
immaterialism ,
imperturbability ,
imperturbation ,
indisturbance ,
individualism ,
induction ,
inductive reasoning ,
intuitionism ,
logic ,
logical thought ,
macrophysics ,
materialism ,
mathematical physics ,
mechanics ,
mechanism ,
medicophysics ,
mental composure ,
mentalism ,
metaphysics ,
microphysics ,
monism ,
mysticism ,
natural philosophy ,
natural science ,
naturalism ,
neocriticism ,
nominalism ,
notion ,
nuclear physics ,
ontologism ,
ontology ,
opinion ,
optics ,
optimism ,
organic mechanism ,
organicism ,
outlook ,
panpsychism ,
pantheism ,
patience ,
peace of mind ,
peacefulness ,
pessimism ,
philosophic composure ,
philosophicalness ,
physic ,
physical chemistry ,
physical science ,
physicalism ,
physicism ,
physicochemistry ,
physicomathematics ,
physics ,
placidity ,
pluralism ,
point of view ,
positivism ,
pragmaticism ,
pragmatism ,
proof ,
psychism ,
psychological hedonism ,
psychophysics ,
quiet ,
quiet mind ,
quietude ,
radiation physics ,
radionics ,
ratiocination ,
rationalism ,
rationality ,
rationalization ,
rationalizing ,
realism ,
reason ,
reasonableness ,
reasoning ,
resignation ,
restraint ,
sang -
froid ,
sangfroid ,
secular humanism ,
self -
control ,
self -
possession ,
semiotic ,
semiotics ,
sensationalism ,
sentiment ,
serenity ,
skepticism ,
solar physics ,
solid -
state physics ,
soothingness ,
sophistry ,
specious reasoning ,
statics ,
stereophysics ,
stoicism ,
substantialism ,
sweet reason ,
syncretism ,
system of ideas ,
system of theories ,
tenets ,
theism ,
theoretical physics ,
thermodynamics ,
thinking ,
thoughtfulness ,
tranquillity ,
transcendentalism ,
unruffledness ,
utilitarianism ,
viewpoint ,
voluntarism ,
world view ,
zoophysics
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