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nitrocellulose    音标拼音: [n,ɑɪtros'ɛljəl,os]
n. 硝化纤维

硝化纤维

nitrocellulose
n 1: a nitric acid ester; used in lacquers and explosives [synonym:
{cellulose nitrate}, {nitrocellulose}, {guncotton},
{nitrocotton}]

Gun \Gun\ (g[u^]n), n. [OE. gonne, gunne; of uncertain origin;
cf. Ir., Gael., & LL. gunna, W. gum; possibly (like cannon)
fr. L. canna reed, tube; or abbreviated fr. OF. mangonnel, E.
mangonel, a machine for hurling stones.]
1. A weapon which throws or propels a missile to a distance;
any firearm or instrument for throwing projectiles,
consisting of a tube or barrel closed at one end, in which
the projectile is placed, with an explosive charge (such
as guncotton or gunpowder) behind, which is ignited by
various means. Pistols, rifles, carbines, muskets, and
fowling pieces are smaller guns, for hand use, and are
called {small arms}. Larger guns are called {cannon},
{ordnance}, {fieldpieces}, {carronades}, {howitzers}, etc.
See these terms in the Vocabulary.
[1913 Webster]

As swift as a pellet out of a gunne
When fire is in the powder runne. --Chaucer.
[1913 Webster]

The word gun was in use in England for an engine to
cast a thing from a man long before there was any
gunpowder found out. --Selden.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Mil.) A piece of heavy ordnance; in a restricted sense, a
cannon.
[1913 Webster]

3. pl. (Naut.) Violent blasts of wind.
[1913 Webster]

Note: Guns are classified, according to their construction or
manner of loading as {rifled} or {smoothbore},
{breech-loading} or {muzzle-loading}, {cast} or
{built-up guns}; or according to their use, as {field},
{mountain}, {prairie}, {seacoast}, and {siege guns}.
[1913 Webster]

{Armstrong gun}, a wrought iron breech-loading cannon named
after its English inventor, Sir William Armstrong.

{Big gun} or {Great gun}, a piece of heavy ordnance; hence
(Fig.), a person superior in any way; as, bring in the big
guns to tackle the problem.

{Gun barrel}, the barrel or tube of a gun.

{Gun carriage}, the carriage on which a gun is mounted or
moved.

{Gun cotton} (Chem.), a general name for a series of
explosive nitric ethers of cellulose, obtained by steeping
cotton in nitric and sulphuric acids. Although there are
formed substances containing nitric acid radicals, yet the
results exactly resemble ordinary cotton in appearance. It
burns without ash, with explosion if confined, but quietly
and harmlessly if free and open, and in small quantity.
Specifically, the lower nitrates of cellulose which are
insoluble in ether and alcohol in distinction from the
highest (pyroxylin) which is soluble. See {Pyroxylin}, and
cf. {Xyloidin}. The gun cottons are used for blasting and
somewhat in gunnery: for making celluloid when compounded
with camphor; and the soluble variety (pyroxylin) for
making collodion. See {Celluloid}, and {Collodion}. Gun
cotton is frequenty but improperly called
{nitrocellulose}. It is not a nitro compound, but an ester
of nitric acid.

{Gun deck}. See under {Deck}.

{Gun fire}, the time at which the morning or the evening gun
is fired.

{Gun metal}, a bronze, ordinarily composed of nine parts of
copper and one of tin, used for cannon, etc. The name is
also given to certain strong mixtures of cast iron.

{Gun port} (Naut.), an opening in a ship through which a
cannon's muzzle is run out for firing.

{Gun tackle} (Naut.), the blocks and pulleys affixed to the
side of a ship, by which a gun carriage is run to and from
the gun port.

{Gun tackle purchase} (Naut.), a tackle composed of two
single blocks and a fall. --Totten.

{Krupp gun}, a wrought steel breech-loading cannon, named
after its German inventor, Herr Krupp.

{Machine gun}, a breech-loading gun or a group of such guns,
mounted on a carriage or other holder, and having a
reservoir containing cartridges which are loaded into the
gun or guns and fired in rapid succession. In earlier
models, such as the {Gatling gun}, the cartridges were
loaded by machinery operated by turning a crank. In modern
versions the loading of cartidges is accomplished by
levers operated by the recoil of the explosion driving the
bullet, or by the pressure of gas within the barrel.
Several hundred shots can be fired in a minute by such
weapons, with accurate aim. The {Gatling gun}, {Gardner
gun}, {Hotchkiss gun}, and {Nordenfelt gun}, named for
their inventors, and the French {mitrailleuse}, are
machine guns.

{To blow great guns} (Naut.), to blow a gale. See {Gun}, n.,
3.
[1913 Webster PJC]


Nitrocellulose \Ni`tro*cel"lu*lose`\, n. [Nitro- cellulose.]
(Chem.)
See {Gun cotton}, under {Gun}.
[1913 Webster]


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  • Nitrocellulose - Wikipedia
    In organic chemistry, nitrocellulose is a nitrate ester, not a nitro compound The glucose repeat unit (anhydroglucose) within the cellulose chain has three OH groups, each of which can form a nitrate ester Thus, nitrocellulose can denote mononitrocellulose, dinitrocellulose, and trinitrocellulose, or a mixture thereof
  • Nitrocellulose | Explosive, Fire-Retardant Coating Uses | Britannica
    nitrocellulose, a mixture of nitric esters of cellulose, and a highly flammable compound that is the main ingredient of modern gunpowder and is also employed in certain lacquers and paints In the late 19th and early 20th centuries it was the basis of the earliest man-made fibres and plastic materials
  • All About Nitrocellulose: Manufacturing Process, Applications
    What is nitrocellulose? Nitrocellulose (NC), is a product of the nitration reaction of cellulose with nitric acid Its chemical formula is (C6H7N3O11)n, representing an organic polymer Nitrocellulose appears as white or slightly yellow cotton-like fibers, with no distinct odor
  • Structure and properties of nitrocellulose: approaching 200 years of . . .
    This review brings together almost 200 years of research on the structure of nitrocellulose to give an overview covering its production from cellulose through to application in composite materials such as propellants or biomedical tests
  • Everything You Need to Know About Nitrocellulose: From Manufacturing to . . .
    What is Nitrocellulose? Nitrocellulose, also known as cellulose nitrate, is an organic polymer obtained through the nitration of cellulose with nitric acid Its molecular formula, (C6H7N3O11)n, represents its chemically modified structure
  • A novel, low-cost, and high-efficiency method for nitrocellulose . . .
    Nitrocellulose is one of the most significant cellulose derivatives that is used in industry and trade and is one of the chief products in the chemical industry 1,2
  • The Properties Of Nitrocellulose - Sciencing
    Nitrocellulose is produced by nitric acid reacting with cellulose Nitrocellulose is nontoxic but highly flammable It is classified as an explosive when nitrogen content exceeds 12 6 percent Used since the 19th century, nitrocellulose is a multiuse chemical employed across many industries
  • Nitrocellulose - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
    Cellulose nitrate (named also nitrocellulose) is the most important inorganic ester of cellulose It can be obtained by the direct reaction of cellulose with HNO 3 , but for industrial purposes the reaction is done frequently in the presence of H 2 SO 4 or H 3 PO 4 (in addition to HNO 3 )
  • Nitrocellulose Group
    Nitrocellulose Group (“NCG”) is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of Nitrocellulose, a product used by customers in the Printing Ink and Coating industries The group is managed by a highly motivated team driving market leadership globally and across the entire value chain
  • Structure and properties of nitrocellulose: approaching 200 years of . . .
    As the first synthetic chemical derivative of cellulose, nitrocellulose (NC) has been studied for close to 200 years, 1 with much interest in its properties as a mouldable plastic, lacquer, energetic binder and biomolecular binding membrane





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