TWENEX
/twe 'neks / The TOPS -20 {operating system }
by {DEC } - the second proprietary OS for the {PDP -10 } -
preferred by most PDP -10 hackers over TOPS -10 (that is , by
those who were not {ITS } or {WAITS } partisans ). TOPS -20 began
in 1969 as {Bolt , Beranek & Newman}'s {TENEX} operating system
using special paging hardware. By the early 1970s, almost all
of the systems on the {ARPANET} ran TENEX. DEC purchased the
rights to TENEX from BBN and began work to make it their own.
The first in-house code name for the operating system was
VIROS (VIRtual memory Operating System); when customers
started asking questions , the name was changed to SNARK so DEC
could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS .
When the name SNARK became known , the name was briefly
reversed to become KRANS ; this was quickly abandoned when
someone objected that "krans " meant "funeral wreath " in
Swedish (though some Swedish speakers have since said it means
simply "wreath "; this part of the story may be apocryphal ).
Ultimately DEC picked TOPS -20 as the name of the operating
system , and it was as TOPS -20 that it was marketed . The
hacker community , mindful of its origins , quickly dubbed it
TWENEX (a contraction of "twenty TENEX "), even though by this
point very little of the original TENEX code remained
(analogously to the differences between AT &T V6 Unix and BSD).
DEC people cringed when they heard "TWENEX", but the term
caught on nevertheless (the written abbreviation "20x" was
also used). TWENEX was successful and very popular; in fact ,
there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as
fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS - but DEC 's
decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX
architecture and its relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the
DEC -20 and put a sad end to TWENEX 's brief day in the sun .
DEC attempted to convince TOPS -20 users to convert to {VMS },
but instead , by the late 1980s , most of the TOPS -20 hackers
had migrated to Unix .
[{Jargon File }]
(1995 -04 -01 )TWENEX : /
twe ´
neks /,
n .
The TOPS -
20 operating system by DEC —
the second proprietary OS for the PDP -
10 —
preferred by most PDP -
10 hackers over TOPS -
10 (
that is ,
by those who were not ITS or WAITS partisans ).
TOPS -
20 began in 1969 as Bolt ,
Beranek &
Newman '
s TENEX operating system using special paging hardware .
By the early 1970s ,
almost all of the systems on the ARPANET ran TENEX .
DEC purchased the rights to TENEX from BBN and began work to make it their own .
The first in -
house code name for the operating system was VIROS (
VIRtual memory Operating System );
when customers started asking questions ,
the name was changed to SNARK so DEC could truthfully deny that there was any project called VIROS .
When the name SNARK became known ,
the name was briefly reversed to become KRANS ;
this was quickly abandoned when someone objected that krans meant ‘
funeral wreath ’
in Swedish (
though some Swedish speakers have since said it means simply ‘
wreath ’;
this part of the story may be apocryphal ).
Ultimately DEC picked TOPS -
20 as the name of the operating system ,
and it was as TOPS -
20 that it was marketed .
The hacker community ,
mindful of its origins ,
quickly dubbed it TWENEX (
a contraction of ‘
twenty TENEX ’),
even though by this point very little of the original TENEX code remained (
analogously to the differences between AT &
T V6 Unix and BSD ).
DEC people cringed when they heard “
TWENEX ”,
but the term caught on nevertheless (
the written abbreviation ‘
20x ’
was also used ).
TWENEX was successful and very popular ;
in fact ,
there was a period in the early 1980s when it commanded as fervent a culture of partisans as Unix or ITS —
but DEC '
s decision to scrap all the internal rivals to the VAX architecture and its relatively stodgy VMS OS killed the DEC -
20 and put a sad end to TWENEX '
s brief day in the sun .
DEC attempted to convince TOPS -
20 users to convert to VMS ,
but instead ,
by the late 1980s ,
most of the TOPS -
20 hackers had migrated to Unix .
There is a TOPS -
20 home page .
安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!
中文字典英文字典工具:
复制到剪贴板
英文字典中文字典相关资料:
Tracking | UPS - United States Track one or multiple packages with UPS Tracking, use your tracking number to track the status of your package
Track a Package - The UPS Store The UPS Store helps you track your packages with multiple carriers Stay on top of all of your important deliveries with package tracking
Wheres My Package | UPS - United States Where’s My UPS Package? Tracking your UPS package will show you the most up-to-date information on your delivery’s whereabouts
Track Your Package | The UPS Store After you track your package, come in a The UPS Store location to take advantage of all the packing, shipping, printing, shredding, notarizing, faxing and mailbox services that you need, all in one place
UPS Tracking | Track UPS Package in real-time - TrackingMore You can find your UPS tracking number on the exterior of the package you're shipping and on the receipt or confirmation email provided to you when you dispatched the item with UPS
All in one global package tracking | 17TRACK 17TRACK supports tracking for 3300+ carriers, including USPS, UPS, FedEx, and DHL Enter your tracking number to get 99 9% accuracy and real-time updates
UPS Tracking | 17TRACK Effortlessly track UPS packages on 17TRACK Enter your UPS tracking number for instant updates, reliable delivery information, and confirmation for your parcel
Tracking A Package | The UPS Store Track UPS Canada packages and parcels using your tracking number with our online tracker
UPS International Tracking: How to Track Your Package Globally - Ship24 Track your UPS international package anywhere in the world Enter your tracking number to get real-time updates on delivery status, location, and transit history with Ship24
Tracking | UPS - Canada Track one or multiple packages with UPS Tracking, use your tracking number to track the status of your package